Plastic Water Bottles Causing Cancer?

The EWG says that "BPA is associated with a number of health problems and diseases that are on the rise in the U.S. population, including breast and prostate cancer and infertility. Given widespread human exposure to BPA and hundreds of studies showing its adverse effects, the FDA and EPA must act quickly to set safe levels for BPA exposure based on the latest science on the low-dose toxicity of the chemical."
BPA is an industrial chemical whose major use is in the production of polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Polycarbonates are used in various consumer products, including a number that come into contact with food, such as certain plastic beverage containers and baby bottles, plastic dinnerware, and plastic food storage containers. Epoxy resins are part of the protective linings used in food and beverage cans, and it is likely that canned food is the major source of human consumption of BPA (in addition to that from plastic baby bottles). The plastic beverage containers that use BPA in their manufacture are the hard colored plastic bottles with the number 7 on the bottom (as opposed to PET bottles that are clear, softer and have the number 1).
 We'll never forget when Sheryl Crow attributed her breast cancer to the BPA (Bisphenol A, a chemical used in plastics) in re-used water bottles.

 According to Shanaz H. Dairkee, Ph.D., a Senior Scientist of Cancer Research at the California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute and Consulting Professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine, BPA is all around us, everywhere. "We are swimming in it," she says. "In our homes, workplaces, schools, and recreation areas." She points out that it's used to line food cans and paper plates, in beverage bottles, and even in cash register receipts.

Beverly Rubin, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Anatomy & Cellular Biology at Tufts University, says BPA is also in the soil, ground water, and in the dust that collects both indoors and outdoors. And, it's not just around us: a whopping 93% of people in the U.S. have appreciable levels of BPA in their urine, according to Cheryl S. Watson, Ph.D, the editor-in-chief of Endocrine Disruptors (Landes Bioscience Journals) and professor of bio-chemistry and molecular biology at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Dr. Dairkee says that BPA has also been found in human blood, breast milk, and fetal liver - which indicates that BPA can cross the placenta.

 The danger of BPA in our bodies lies in its relationship to estrogen, Dr. Watson says. "BPA resembles (but is not exactly like) natural estrogens, and can mimic or disrupt the actions of the body's own estrogens, for both males and females." When a body has too much estrogen, Dr. Dairkee says, it can initiate cancer and precancerous lesions in estrogen-sensitive tissues. The effect has has been proven in animals, with results that repeat across species. Though this isn't technically direct evidence that BPA causes cancer in humans, humans are indeed animals, and the results of these tests should be taken seriously.
The human papillomavirus (aka HPV) is more or less everywhere, statistically speaking. It’s estimated that 75 to 80 percent of all sexually active adults will have some form of HPV in their lifetime. Some will develop genital warts, while in others, the virus will lead to a life-threatening disease: Nearly 12,000 new cases of HPV-related cervical cancers are diagnosed in the U.S. every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“HPV is a skin-to-skin contact infection,” says Diane Harper, M.D., professor at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine and a lead researcher of HPV and cervical cancer prevention and treatment.  Condoms can’t shield you from HPV because the virus could be lingering on skin outside of the condom. “There are over 100 types of HPV that invade the human skin, and 40 types invade the soft, wet, mucosa in the mouth, anal, and genital area,” says Harper.

It’s those 40 that have been linked to cervical cancer. “HPV-16 causes the greatest number of cancers,” says Harper. “About 90 percent of the time, HPV infections disappear within two years and never cause any ill effect. Five percent of the time, the HPV infections will turn into a cancer precursor, and about half of those cancer precursors will develop into cancer.”

 Schedule an annual ob/gyn exam to get a Pap test, which will screen for cellular changes that, left untreated, could lead to cervical cancer.

But, cautions Harper, know that a Pap is not a flawless method: “Pap screening programs are very effective but not perfect at early detection for early treatment,” she says. What’s even more frustrating is that once you have HPV (whatever the form) there’s no pill to pop or shot to get rid of it. “No anti-viral exists for it to date,” says Harper. “There is no treatment for HPV infections — the only treatment is for cells already infected with HPV that have changed into a cancer precursor or a cancer.” What that means: surgical removal to cut out the HPV-ridden growths either on the outside, or inside of your body.

 There are two vaccines, Gardasil and Cervarix, which pretty much ward off the most common strains. "Both vaccines protect against some types of HPV that cause cancer and some types that cause genital warts," says Harper, who helped develop both vaccines. "Cervarix provides better protection against cancer-causing types and Gardasil provides better protection against genital warts. But they both only protect against a limited number of HPV types, not all the types that cause cervical cancers.”

Though early detection through Pap smears has made cervical cancer relatively rare in the United States (with an annual death toll of about 4,000), lack of preventive screening and treatment results in the death of some 200,000 women in developing countries each year. In those areas, the manpower and testing laboratories often aren't available to facilitate regular check ups. However, Dr. Surendra Shastri, head of preventive oncology at Tata Memorial Hospital in Mumbai, may have come up with a solution.

Suspicious Pap smears are usually further investigated by dousing cervical cells in acetic acid, which is basically a sterile vinegar solution. This allows even less-trained healthcare workers to examine the cells under a microscope and determine if any cancerous cells are present. After conducting research comparing unscreened women to those screened with the vinegar process only for fifteen years, Dr. Shastri presented his findings yesterday to the American Society for Clinical Oncology — announcing an astounding 31% reduction in death from cervical cancer among the women regularly screened with his new method.

In India alone, implementing this process could save 22,000 women a year — and 73,000 worldwide. And, while Dr. Shastri's study benefited from the high level of organization and diligence of a controlled study, the process is simple and cheap enough that it could work miracles in areas with limited medical access. The issue lies mainly in the follow-up process; it may prove difficult to get women who test positive into hospitals for the necessary treatment. But, this is one case where knowing is quite literally half the battle; and coupled with other low-cost methods currently in development, it could mean major change in the health of women the world over.

As far as HPV leading to throat cancer, Dr. Haddard says the risk is relatively low. However, he explains, many patients with throat cancer are likely to have had HPV - it's present in two out of three cases, according to the American Cancer Society. He likens the phenomenon to smoking: "Not all smokers will develop lung cancer, but of patients who do have lung cancer, many of them are smokers." So, while having HPV does increase the risk of developing throat cancer, it's not an inevitable result. According to Dr. Haddard, smoking and drinking are much more closely linked to throat cancer.

 Additionally, as for the buzz about

 There are some preventative measures one can take. If you get the HPV vaccination, use protection when you have sex, make sure that you and/or your partner get regular Pap smears, and quit smoking.



.Of course, smoking doesn't just increase your own risk of getting cancer, it increases the risk for everyone around you. Secondhand smoke is a well-known carcinogen, but what about thirdhand smoke? Even after cigarette smoke has cleared, toxins can linger, says Dr. Jyothi Marbin, M.D., a pediatrician at Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland.

 Some of Dr. Marbin's patients have reported that their asthma symptoms flare up in a room where someone has been smoking. ("Even long after the smoker is gone," she notes.) It's no coincidence: Thirdhand smoke contains at least 11 toxic substances, she says, "including arsenic, cyanide, and lead."

Dr. Marbin says that everyone should be concerned, but children are at a greater risk, as they spend more time indoors.

 Non-smoking adults are commonly exposed to thirdhand smoke when they stay in a hotel, ride in a car, or move into a home or a building where smoking is allowed.
It's very easy to detect thirdhand smoke - if you can smell it, it's there. But, Dr. Marbin says, it might be there even if you can't smell it. "Research studies found that even two months after a cigarette is smoked in a room, there are still measurable levels of thirdhand smoke," she says. Unfortunately, there's no publicly available test for it, and it's not easy to get rid of. Dr. Marbin suggests cleaning surfaces or fabrics with an acidic solution like vinegar, and washing walls with hot, soapy water.

 Dr. Marbin says taking a shower and washing your clothes can remove the residue.

throat cancer in straight men in particular, Dr. Haddard says that there's no evidence to indicate whether throat cancer from orally-contracted HPV is more or less likely than cervical cancer from vaginally-contracted HPV. Dr. Haddard says that oral sex is just one of many ways of contracting the virus, and advises taking safer sex precautions with all sexual activity. And, having a partner with HPV-related oral cancer does not mean that you will necessarily develop the virus or the cancer: In a recent study of partners of people with HPV-related throat cancer, the HPV subtype which can lead to throat cancer was present in 2% of female partners and actually none of the male partners.

Ambitious Cloning Projects

A Siberian expedition found a well-preserved woolly mammoth. When scientists investigated, blood came running out.
 The mammoth-rebuilding project is

improved by a recent discovery of the Russian scientists, who uncovered a fairly fresh new mammoth.
A paleontological expedition team from the Research Institute of Applied Ecology of the North, North-Eastern Federal University, and the Russian Geographical Society went  to the  Novosibirsk archipelago in Siberia. There, the researchers discovered a female mammoth in a remarkable  state of preservation.
"The fragments of muscle tissues, which we've found out of the body, have a natural red color of fresh meat," declared the expedition leader Semyon Grigoriev. "The reason for such preservation is that the lower part of the body was underlying in pure ice, and the upper part was found in the middle of tundra", he added.

The scientists gathered blood samples to get the first tests.  "The blood is very dark, it was found in ice cavities bellow the belly and when we broke these cavities with a poll pick, the blood came running out," Grigoriev declared.

Australian scientists broke new ground in embryonic cloning by reviving a dead frog species. They used eggs from a distant cousin.
The Rheobatrachus silus frogs have been extinct since 1983. This  Australian kind of creatures used to swallow  the own eggs and then to release the young from the mouth.
During five years , the Australian researchers have  conducted their experiments using somatic-cell nuclear transfer, a technique for creating a cloned embryo called the Lazarus Project. They took donor eggs from a related frog to replace those nuclei with dead nuclei from the extinct frog. Some of the eggs then started to grow.
. The embryos didn't make it past a few days, but they  gave the scientists a fresh cache of living cells for future cloning experiments.
"We are watching Lazarus arise from the dead, step by exciting step," declared the leader of the Lazarus Project team, Professor Mike Archer of the University of New South Wales in Sydney. The scientists from the University of Newcastle are  participating in this project, too.
The extinct frog's cell nuclei being gathered from tissues collected in the 1970s have been kept in a deep freeze until now.
 "We're increasingly confident that the hurdles ahead are technological and not biological and that we will succeed. Importantly, we've demonstrated already the great promise this technology has as a conservation tool when hundreds of the world's amphibian species are in catastrophic decline," Archer declared.

The scientists in New Zealand found that DNA decays far quicker than previously considered, making be impossible to salvage the usable genetic material belonging to the dead dinosaurs.

The DNA fact-finding project involved a team of palaeogeneticists. They tested 158 leg bones belonging to three species of the extinct giant moa birds ranging from 600 to 8,000 years old.
After running many comparisons between the age of the various bones and DNA degradation within each specimen, the scientists estimated that DNA's half-life works out to about 521 years after being kept in a swamp with an average temperature of 13.1 Celsius (55 Fahrenheit). Even a more ideal preservation temperature of minus 5 Celsius (23 Fahrenheit) would only result in readable DNA from specimens up to 1.5 million years old, meaning there is no possible way we can see a 65-million-year-old T-Rex waving its tiny arms about in this time frame.

DNA breaks down for a variety of reasons, including degradation from external influences such as temperature, water, soil chemistry, and so on. After half a millennium, the researchers assume that DNA continues to degrade as the nucleotide bonds within break in half. Each 521-year segment serves as another chapter of nucleotide structure breakdown and carries on until the bonds no longer exist. However, science has yet to determine the breakdown speed of DNA in environments that are more supportive of preservation, such as permafrost.
Morten Allentoft at the University of Copenhagen and Michael Bunce at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia, worked with a large team on the findings, which were published today in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B science journal.

The Big Asteroid That is Zipping by Earth This Week is not Alone ,Because It Has a Traveling Companion

The big asteroid -- 1.7 miles long -- that is zipping by Earth this week is not alone , because it has a traveling companion. NASA radar images  , which are just released, show the asteroid  called  "QE2 '' and its previously undiscovered moon orbiting it. They technically make a binary asteroid system. The small asteroid circling the big one is estimated to be about 2,000 feet wide.
NASA declared that about 16 percent of larger (over 655 feet) near-Earth asteroids are binary or triple systems.
The closest approach of the space rockin' duo will take place on Friday, May 31 at 1:59 p.m. PT, when the system will get  close to us almost 3.6 million miles  ( 15 times the distance between Earth and the moon). The end of May passing of 1998 QE2 will be its closest visit for the next 200 years.
"Asteroid 1998 QE2 will be an outstanding radar imaging target at Goldstone and Arecibo and we expect to obtain a series of high-resolution images that could reveal a wealth of surface features," declared radar astronomer Lance Benner from NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab.
Despite flying by nearly 4 million miles away, the  230-foot wide antenna (telescope), belonging to Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in California's Mojave Desert, can zoom in very closely to 1998 QE2 in order to detect details 12 feet across.
 "We will also use new radar measurements of the asteroid's distance and velocity to improve our calculation of its orbit and compute its motion farther into the future than we could otherwise", declared Benner.
  The Carlo Zapponi's visual graph is called Bolides , and it puts the meteor strikes in a chronological view to get a historical perspective on the number of dazzling space rocks having fallen through our skies in recent times.
Inspired by the Greek word bolis (missile), Bolides features data from a range of historical meteor records, ranging from MetBase to London's Natural History Museum catalog of meteorites, and displays the data in a special way to explore them.
 There are more than 34,842 recordings of meteorites from the year 861. Zapponi graph only shows the 1,045 meteorites that couldn't be discredited or doubted.
 1933 was the year of 16 confirmed meteor strikes on Earth, and 1947 was the year , when the mega Sikhote-Alin meteor struck Russia.
Immediately after a large meteor hit Russia on February, and injured about 1,000 people, President Obama's administration announced that the U.S. would work on the asteroid tracking technology to avoid other severe Earth collisions.
Charles  Bolden spoke at the Human to Mars Summit in Washington, D.C. on Monday, and declared that a robotic spacecraft mission currently being planned will "prepare efforts to prevent an asteroid from colliding with devastating force into our planet."( U.S. News & World Report).
 The U.S. space agency wants to lasso a small asteroid and to tow it close  to our planet to be visited by the astronauts. They  will be able to collect samples and to conduct research that could one day assist in a mission to Mars or save Earth from a catastrophic collision.

The Obama administration intends to put the U.S. Astronauts on a near-Earth asteroid by 2025, and perhaps, to follow up such missions with manned Mars flights in the following decade. Seventy-eight million dollars have officially been set aside in the next fiscal year budget for NASA to start the development of the asteroid capture plan.

 NASA's science mission directorate associate administrator John Grunsfeld  talked about the importance of the lasso mission of the Human to Mars Summit on Monday, as U.S. News & World Report declared.
Grunsfeld also said  that NASA has '' a pretty good theory that single-planet species don't survive ". "We don't want to test it, but we have some evidence of that happening 65 million years ago [when an asteroid killed much of Earth's life]. That will happen again someday ... we want to have the capability [to leave the planet] in case of the threat of large scale destruction on Earth",he added.

On Wednesday, the Origins-Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security Regolith Explorer (Osiris-Rex) passed a key confirmation review , approving the development phase of the spacecraft , according to NASA.

 NASA also has chosen and named the first asteroid it will visit and sample. The asteroid  known as Bennu was previously called 1999 RQ36, but it was renamed as part of a contest involving suggestions from thousands of school children.

NASA declared that Bennu could hold clues to the origin of the solar system. NASA hopes that the new spacecraft can rendezvous with Bennu at 2018 . Osiris Rex wants to collect a minimum of 2 ounces (60 grams) of surface material to be returned to Earth by 2023.
The space agency said the mission to Bennu can be a key part of a larger mission of capturing and relocating an entire asteroid for some further studies.

Judges Had Crowned Ontario's Denise Garrido, 26, the New Miss Universe Canada, but They Had Made a Mistake in Tabulating the Scores ....

 On Saturday night, the judges had crowned Ontario's Denise Garrido, 26, the new Miss Universe Canada out of 57 contestants, but on Sunday morning, they admitted that they had made a mistake in tabulating the scores . The new crowned beauty was Riza Santos, 26, of Calgary.

 The 2013 pageant was held at the St. Lawrence Centre for the Arts in Toronto.

 A follow-up post corrected the mistake, making a new list of the "final results" , and Riza became the queen.

Just 24 hours after being a winner, Garrido met Sunday with the pageant director Denis Davila, who stripped her of her sash, crown, trophy and the chance to represent the country at Miss Universe in the United States ,on December,this year.

Garrido said , “My heart sank,” declared the Star.

Davila told her that a “typo” occurred when transferring the judges’ handwritten scores into a computer program that helps to decide the winner.
 "During the validation of the computerized scoring results (which occurs the following day), a typo was discovered in the top 5 entries, which significantly impacted the final results of the competition. This is the first instance of this type of error in the 11 years that Beauties of Canada (BOC) have produced the Miss Universe Canada pageant."

After the validation of the computerized scoring results, Garrido heard that she had not finished the first but the fourth, being the third runner-up to  Santos, 26, of Calgary, Riza has to collect her crown in Toronto.

Organizers said that a typo had led to the wrong contestant being named the winner of the Miss Universe Canada pageant.

Usually, after judges score the contestants, someone inputs the results into a computer. Andrew Lopez, a spokesman for Miss Universe Canada, said that since 10 years, the lawyer Nick Macos of Black Sutherland LLP had been inputting the results, but he was not available this year. Thus, it was  left to an inexperienced pageant employee to transfer the scores; it was he who made the error.

“Every single person who does the calculation needs to be third party,” said Loza-Alvarado, a former production director and producer. “If not, it puts you in a very compromising situation.”

Davila,  the pageant director , could not be reached to explain  why another person not connected to Miss Universe Canada could not  calculate the scores.

A third-party audit demanded the list of the handwritten scores wanting to to compare it with the computer results. Lopez could not confirm who carried out the audit, but declared that the person inputting the scores the night of the pageant is not required to be independent. He also declined to comment on Loza-Alvarado’s dismissal.

Marwa Ishow, a contestant in the 2013 pageant, declared that Garrido deserved to win and the “typo” fiasco has left her and other competitors uneasy.

“How we do we know that everything else wasn’t wrong?” said Ishow, 22. “The whole pageant seems like it was staged.”


 "I've grown a lot from this experience," Garrido  told Yahoo! Shine in a phone interview. "It was a challenge at the time and was shocking to me...but it could be a great story for women everywhere.''


Last year's Miss Universe Canada pageant was also the center of controversy when transgendered contestant Jenna Talackova was barred from entering the final event. The reason was that she wasn't "born a woman." The decision was reversed some days later after public outcry.

This year, some fans, especially those from Garrido's hometown of Bradford, Ontario, couldn't accept the turnaround.

“I will always have the memory of being the 24-hour queen,” declared Garrido,. She is now too old to compete in this kind of competitions any longer.

Sandy Packs Punch as a Strong Category 2 Hurricane, Claims 2 Lives.

 The U.S. East Coast has a  chance of getting blasted by gale-force winds, flooding, heavy rain and maybe even snow at the beginning of the next week due to an unusual hybrid of hurricane and winter storm, federal and private forecasters declared.

Hurricane Sandy in the Caribbean, an early winter storm in the West and a blast of arctic air from the North can collide,   forecasters predict.

It is probably to hit during a full moon, when the tides are almost at their highest, increasing coastal flooding potential, NOAA forecasts  report. The trees are still leafy and there is a potential for snow and power outages, some meteorologists warn.

It is a combination of different storm types that could  generate a real whopper of weather problems, meteorologists  declared.

The  center's chief hurricane specialist, James Franklin,  declared the threat keeps increasing for "a major impact in the Northeast, New York area. In fact it would be such a big storm that it would affect all of the Northeast."

The biggest problem is the snow and that depends on where the remnants of Sandy turn inland. The computer model that has been leading the pack in predicting the hybrid storm has it hitting around Delaware or closer to Maine. If it hits Delaware, the chances of snow increase in that zone. If it hits farther north, chances for snow increase in the mid-Atlantic , Masters declared.

 Hurricane Sandy churned over eastern Cuba early Thursday having winds of 105 mph,the National Hurricane Center in Miami declared warning the residents living along the U.S. East Coast to be  careful this weekend. Sandy claimed a pair of lives before reaching Cuba. A woman in western Haiti's Camp-Perrin died Wednesday while she was  trying to cross a flooding river in the Ravine du Sud, Haitian news agency AHP reported .
 A man in Jamaica was killed ,according to CNN affiliate TV J.
 The wind has whipped the island  since Thursday morning. Some 70% of its residents are without power and almost 1,000 people are in shelters, TV J declared. Sandy has its sights set on the Bahamas ,too.
Hurricane warnings are in place for Jamaica, eastern Cuba,  the central and western Bahamas, along with Haiti and southeastern Florida.
Rainfall amounts could hit up to 12 inches . Sandy could make landfall somewhere between Maine and Virginia, bringing with it heavy rain, flooding, high winds and widespread power outages,Massachusetts Emergency Management reported.

Fort Lauderdale's Ocean Rescue told beach goers to stay out of the ocean.

 The storm can shadow the east coast of the US in the coming days and  can "potentially transition over the weekend into a powerful nor'easter",the National Hurricane Center reported.

 The effects of the tropical cyclone can span many hundreds of miles from the center, the area experiencing the hurricane force  because the wind speeds of at least 74 mph , while Sandy is moving between the northeast coast of Cuba and the central
Bahamas...

 The Hurricane Warning is in effect for Cuban provinces of Camaguey,Las Tunas,Granma,Santiago de Cuba,Holguin and Guantanamo,the Ragged Islands in the southeastern Bahamas,
the central and the northwestern Bahamas.Preparations to protect life and property should be rushed to completion.

The Tropical Storm Warning is in effect for Haiti,Florida East Coast from Ocean Reef to Flagler Beach,Lake Okeechobee
and the remainder of the southeastern Bahamas. The tropical storm conditions are expected somewhere within the warning area  within 24 to 36 hours.

At 800 am EDT...1200 UTC...the center of Hurricane Sandy was located by an Air Force Reserve hurricane hunter aircraft at latitude 21.6 north and longitude 75.5 west. Sandy is moving toward the north having18 mph-30 km/h-and this general motion is expected to continue today. A turn toward the north-northwest and a diminish in forward speed are expected tonight and Friday. The center of Sandy will move near or over the central Bahamas later today and tonight. It will move near or over the northwestern Bahamas on Friday.

Maximum sustained winds are almost 105 mph (165 km/h) with higher gusts. Sandy is a category two hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale, its gradual weakening  being forecast over the next 48 hours.  Probably ,Sandy remains a hurricane as it moves through the Bahamas.

Hurricane conditions can spread across the central and northwestern Bahamas later today through Friday,
while tropical storm is expected in the warning area along
the East Coast of Florida tonight and Friday.

Sandy is expected to produce total rainfall amounts of
6 to 12 inches across Haiti,the Dominican Republic and eastern
Cuba causing life-threatening flash floods and mud slides
especially in  zones of mountainous terrain.

The combination of a dangerous storm surge and the
tide will cause normally dry areas  along the coast to be flooded by rising waters.

The surge-related flooding depends on the relative timing of the surge and the tidal cycle.

The Most Recent Book, "Ike's Bluff: President Eisenhower's Secret Struggle to Save the World," by Evan Thomas and the Presidential Election

 The most important decision either President Obama or another President like Romney want to make in the next future is  to bomb Iran and its nuclear facilities.
  Dwight Eisenhower was the first president to ponder his pre-emptive strike against a rising nuclear power. Immediately after Eisenhower became president, the Soviets detonated their own crude H-bomb, code named Joe IV (after Stalin) . Nine months  before this, the United States had set off its own first H-bomb, code named Mike -- 500 times more powerful than those that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. At a secret national security meeting on September 24, 1953, the president Eisenhower gathered his closest advisers and asked: ''Would it be morally wrong not to attack the Soviets before it was too late?''  In the end,Eisenhower and his advisers  concluded  not to strike first, disregarding the wishes of  the Strategic Air Command's Gen. Curtis LeMay. Eisenhower  wanted to use nuclear weapons to stop communist aggression. He used the threat of their use to get America out of Korea in 1953, and similarly threatened during crises in Vietnam in 1954, with Red China in the Formosa Straits in 1954-55 and again in 1958, during the Suez crisis in 1956 and in Berlin in 1958-59. Ike knew how to hold his cards, even if doing so hurt him politically.
In 1958, when he was under tremendous pressure to build more missiles to catch up the Russians, who had just launched the first satellite, Sputnik,  Ike seemed strangely passive. He knew that the CIA's spy plane, the U-2, had not found any Soviet ICBMs, but he wanted to keep the existence of the spy plane a secret.
 In the winter of 1958, Eisenhower was visited by the poet, Robert Frost, who gave him a book of his poems inscribed with the notation, "The strong are saying nothing until they see." These words became Ike 's  "favorite maxim."
Usually,Eisenhower was  carrying his great responsibility in
 the breast pocket. On D-Day, he carried this note , "The responsibility is mine alone," . On his first day as president in 1953, Ike wrote in his diary, "Plenty of worries and difficult problems. But such has been my portion for a long time."
 The most recent  book , "Ike's Bluff: President Eisenhower's Secret Struggle to Save the World," by Evan Thomas was published last month by Little, Brown and Company.
Now,  both Obama and Romney have said that containment is not an option when it comes to Iran getting the bomb.
Obama will no doubt try to reinforce foreign-policy campaign themes that his supporters feel are among his strongest credentials. But Mitt Romney will almost certainly try to lay out the narrative that Obama has weakened America and left it more vulnerable.
Republicans have  sought to present themselves as the party of foreign policy competence and national strength and  to portray Democrats as weak, anti-military and too inclined toward multilateralist mumbo jumbo.
The most resonant of the President Obama foreign policy achievements was the killing of Osama bin Laden ,this way dramatically weakening al Qaeda.  But Benghazi provided palpable evidence that terrorists targeting Americans  were still a reality .Combined with the continuing violence by the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan and by the Iranian-backed Hezbollah, it is hard to make the case that the threat has been reduced .
Certainly the president  ended America's long and costly involvement in Iraq. He has America on track to exit Afghanistan by 2014. He not only got bin Laden, but the U.S. military and intelligence community under his leadership also got a broad array of top al Qaeda lieutenants, such as Anwar al-Awlaki, and Moammar Gadhafi.

 Obama's doctrine of fighting terror and enemies such as Iran through the use of covert means, cyberwarfare, special operations and unmanned drone operations seemed a more cost-effective.

Moses and God's Miracles

Exodus

‘’And the LORD said furthermore unto him, Put now thine hand into thy bosom. And he put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow.’’ 4;6

‘’And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also these two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take of the water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land: and the water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land.’’ 4:9

‘’ And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent.’’7:10

‘’ And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.’’7:20

‘’ And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.’’7:21

‘’ And Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt; and the frogs came up, and covered the land of Egypt.’’8:6

‘’ And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; and the frogs died out of the houses, out of the villages, and out of the fields.’’ 8:13

‘’ And they did so; for Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and smote the dust of the earth, and it became lice in man, and in beast; all the dust of the land became lice throughout all the land of Egypt.’’8:17

‘’ And the LORD did so; and there came a grievous swarm of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses, and into all the land of Egypt: the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of flies.’’8:24

‘’ And the LORD did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one.’’ 9:6

‘’ And they took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses sprinkled it up toward heaven; and it became a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast.’’ 9:10

‘’ For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence; and thou shalt be cut off from the earth.’’ 9:15

‘’ Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the foundation thereof even until now.’’ 9:18

‘’ So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.’’ 9:24

 ‘’And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.’’ 10:14

‘’ And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

They saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.’’ 10:22-23

‘’ And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt:

And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts.’’11:4-5

‘’ And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.’’11:10

‘’ And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.’’ 12-29

‘’ And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all that night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided.

And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left.’’14:21-22

‘’ And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to his strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it; and the LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea.

And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one of them.

But the children of Israel walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left.’’ 14:27-29

 ‘’ I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel: speak unto them, saying, At even ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God.

And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host.

And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground.

And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat.

This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for every man, according to the number of your persons; take ye every man for them which are in his tents.’’16:12-16

‘’ And the house of Israel called the name thereof Manna: and it was like coriander seed, white; and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey.

And Moses said, This is the thing which the LORD commandeth, Fill an omer of it to be kept for your generations; that they may see the bread wherewith I have fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you forth from the land of Egypt.’’16:31-32

‘’ And the LORD said unto Moses, Go on before the people, and take with thee of the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river, take in thine hand, and go.

Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.’’ 17:5-6

‘’ And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.

And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice.

And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up.

And the LORD said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish.

And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them.

And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it.’’ 19:18-23

‘’ And Moses went up into the mount, and a cloud covered the mount.

 And the glory of the LORD abode upon mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days: and the seventh day he called unto Moses out of the midst of the cloud.

And the sight of the glory of the LORD was like devouring fire on the top of the mount in the eyes of the children of Israel.

And Moses went into the midst of the cloud, and gat him up into the mount: and Moses was in the mount forty days and forty nights. ‘’ 24:15-18

‘’ Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle.

And Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, because the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle.

 And when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the children of Israel went onward in all their journeys:

But if the cloud were not taken up, then they journeyed not till the day that it was taken up.

 For the cloud of the LORD was upon the tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys.’’ 40:34-38

Numbers:

‘’ And Moses said, Hereby ye shall know that the LORD hath sent me to do all these works; for I have not done them of mine own mind.

If these men die the common death of all men, or if they be visited after the visitation of all men; then the LORD hath not sent me.

But if the LORD make a new thing, and the earth open her mouth, and swallow them up, with all that appertain unto them, and they go down quick into the pit; then ye shall understand that these men have provoked the LORD.

And it came to pass, as he had made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground clave asunder that was under them:

And the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses, and all the men that appertained unto Korah, and all their goods.

They, and all that appertained to them, went down alive into the pit, and the earth closed upon them: and they perished from among the congregation.

And all Israel that were round about them fled at the cry of them: for they said, Lest the earth swallow us up also.

And there came out a fire from the LORD, and consumed the two hundred and fifty men that offered incense.’’  16:28- 35

‘’ And it came to pass, that on the morrow Moses went into the tabernacle of witness; and, behold, the rod of Aaron for the house of Levi was budded, and brought forth buds, and bloomed blossoms, and yielded almonds.’’ 17-8

‘’ And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also.’’20:11

Joshua

‘’ And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

 And there was no day like that before it or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel.’’10:13-14

Syrian airline FORCED EMERGENCY landing in TURKEY

Passengers on board the plane intercepted by Turkish jets declared that security forces were making the crew and passengers sign fraudulent papers suggesting that the plane made an emergency landing and no Turkish military were involved in the incident.
 Hours after Turkish authorities announced that the Syrian Airlines passenger plane intercepted by its F-16s was granted a departure clearance, the aircraft remained on the tarmac in darkness.

This Earth Is Cracking (Sweet Poem)

In USA,
There is a presidential election fight,
Well, everything seems to be alright,
It might be alright, everything seems tight ,
Sometimes,I dream of a red sky,
The earth is cracking,
I'm slowly dancing
On your sweet love floor.


Turkey
Sends bombs for free into Syria, on the other side,
Well, it seems that  nothing is more important than having pride,
When Syrians in Turkey need to hide,
I've never dreamt of a sky so red,
The earth is cracking,
I'm slowly dancing
On your sweet love floor.

The Greeks
Don't want to sell to Canadian consumers their gold,
Well,it seems that in Canada it is very cold,
Why is it so cold in Canada all the time and the gold isn't sold?
I really dreamed of a huge red sun,
The earth is cracking,
I'm slowly dancing
On your sweet love floor.


The world
Is waiting for a new shift of magnetic poles,
But,instead of this,earth makes gigantic craters called sinkholes,
Smart  money makers lose the remote controls,
I really had a multicolored dream,
The earth is cracking,
I'm slowly dancing
On your sweet love floor.


Much more protesters
Want to change their lives and their presidents.
To feed their kids, they work 12 hours per day for a few cents,
It's something to think about ,when life has no sense.
I dreamed of a world having a little pink,
The earth is cracking,
I'm slowly dancing
On your sweet love floor.

The Extinction And The Gigantic ‘Catastrophe Group’

An odd-looking sea creature locally christened the “bubble shark” is breathing new life into a campaign to preserve a vital marine corridor straddling five provinces in the Southern Tagalog region. The bubble shark also described as an “inflatable shark” and is a new species of swell shark being observed in waters off Batangas and Mindoro Island. It is so named because of its defense mechanism to puff up to twice its size in the face of danger. This discovery of the weird shark adds a new meaning to efforts to save the Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor (VIPMC), a bustling sea-lane renowned for having some of the highest concentrations of shore-fish and underwater life in the world. The presence of the bubble shark was discovered last year by a group of researchers, who found a treasure trove of previously unknown terrestrial and marine wildlife during the year 2011 on Philippine Wildlife Expedition spearheaded by the California Academy of the Sciences. The shark found in the VIPMC “possesses a very distinctive camouflaged color pattern,” the report said. Other swell sharks feature dark round spots, but the species found in the Philippines, based on pictures, have white or lighter spots instead. The deep water Oarfish is estimated to be 50 feet in length. The Oarfish is the longest fish in the oceans.

The Sumatran Orangutan is threatened due to poaching and habitat destruction of the rain forests in Indonesia. Only about 6,500 remain in the wild, and their great ape species become extinct.

The Bactrian camel is critically endangered due to habitat loss and drought. There are approximately only 950 Bactrian camels left in the wild, struggling to survive in their native desert habitat in northwest China and Mongolia being used as a Chinese nuclear test range. These animals are also hunted for sport and because of missing food and water resources.

The polar bears swimming and drowning between melting patches of ice in their dwindling habitat have become synonymous with the global warming. Currently, 20-25,000 polar bears still roam the wild, but if climate change trends continue, the polar bears will be extinct within the next 100 years.

Forest clearing and degradation are main contributing factors to the Mountain Gorilla’s pending extinction, and only 720 animals of this species remain on the planet.

The last captive Quagga, a mare, died on 12 August 1883.The Quagga was hunted until extinction.

Pigeon meat was commercialized and recognized as cheap food, especially for slaves and the poor people, which led to a hunting campaign on a massive scale.

In the 1980s, a photograph of the Bondegezou was sent to Australian research scientist Tim Flannery. In May, 1994, Flannery conducted a wildlife survey of the area and discovered that the animal in the picture was new to science. Named Dingiso (Dendrolagus mbaiso), this forest-dwelling marsupial has a bold coloration and spends most of its time on the ground.

Central African tribes and ancient Egyptians described and depicted a bizarre creature for centuries, colloquially dubbed the “African unicorn” by Europeans. It is also known as the Atti, or the O’api, resembling a cross between a zebra, a donkey and a giraffe. Despite explorers, Western science rejected the existence of such a creature, viewing it as nothing more than a fantastical chimera.

In 1901, Sir Harry Johnston, the British governor of Uganda, obtained pieces of striped skin and even a skull of the legendary beast. Through this evidence and the capture of a live specimen, the animal now known as the okapi (okapia johnstoni) was recognized by mainstream science. The okapi is no less unusual today: it is the only living relative of the giraffe, sharing a similar body structure and its characteristic long blue tongue.

In 1926, an expedition approved by the American Museum of Natural History confirmed that the tales of a giant lizard were true. W. Douglas Burden, the leader of the expedition, returned with twelve preserved specimens and two live ones. The world was introduced to the Komodo dragon, a massive monitor lizard that grows up to ten feet, making it the largest lizard in the world. Komodo Dragons possess massive claws and fangs with which they can kill almost any creature on the island, including humans and water buffaloes. One particularly bizarre attribute of these creatures is their venomous bite, which has been attributed to bacteria-laden saliva or venom glands in the mouth.

A venomous, egg-laying mammal having a duck bill, a beaver tail, and pelt, is known as the platypus, one of only five extant egg-laying mammals. While formerly recognized by science, it is no less unique today: this semi-aquatic creature, native to eastern Australia, swims with webbed feet, uses electric location to hunt, and possesses an ankle spur that, in males, can deliver a powerful injection of venom non-lethal to humans.

Hybrid animals are crossbreeds between animals of similar genetics. They mostly exist in captivity and are the result of human intervention.

Liger is a crossbred between a male lion and a female tiger, while Tigon is a crossbred between a male tiger and a female lion. Ligers are the world’s largest cats. Tigons, on the other hand, are prone towards dwarfism .Male Ligers/Tigons are sterile, while their females are often fertile.

For a dog wolf hybrid, it is not known when it displays a wolf behavior, a dog behavior or something in between.

A zorse is the result of the crossbreeding between a horse and a zebra. A zonkey is the result of the crossbreeding between a donkey and a zebra. The Zony is the result of the crossbreeding between a pony and a zebra. All these three are called zebroids.

A grolar/pizzly hybrid is the product of a grizzly bear and a polar bear. Although the two bears are genetically similar, they tend to avoid each other in the wild environment.

A Leopon is the result of the breeding between a male leopard and a female lion.

A fluffy creature looks like a science experiment. It’s just a rabbit, however. They were exceptionally popular in the 17th and 18th centuries among European nobility as lap pets, and many different hybrids were bred to suit changing tastes of different royalty. The Angora rabbit is still popular to this day.

The Pelochelys cantorii, or Cantor’s Giant Soft Shelled Turtle, is one of the most unusual looking animals on the earth .Yet; few people have seen it or know about it. It’s not a sea turtle – the Cantor prefers to inhabit inland, close to streams and wetlands. It grows very large, with adult shells often spanning more than six feet. They are native to Cambodia, but they are very rare.

Pangolins are toothless and they have no external ears, though their hearing is very good. Since they have no teeth, they have a gizzard like stomach and swallow small stones and sand to help the digestive process. Pangolins have very long tongues - up to 16 inches in length - which are used to slurp up their favorite foods - termites and ants.

They have a good sense of smell and a poor sense of sight. Their scales, made out of keratin, (same material that makes up human fingernails) make up 20% of their total body weight.

''Involution is the process of self-limitation, of densification, by which the Absolute veils itself by

a stage until it assumes the appearance in the cosmos, the universe we know of. It wishes to create

the universe to objectify itself and its spiritual properties in infinite possibilities, for the purpose of

delight of discovery which it will achieve thereafter.  The evolution is the movement forward by which the created universe evolves from its initial state of divided, ignorant forms, emerges as Life and Mind, and in that process rediscovers its Source. The evolution occurs after the involution. It is the development and progressive movement of all in the cosmos, including humans, to attain its fulfillment, including rediscovery in delight of the spiritual aspect, that Consciousness-Force, that was the source of the creation. Generally, evolution is any process of change over time. In the context of life science,

evolution is a change in the traits of living organisms over generations, including the emergence of new species.  Since the development of modern genetics in the 1940s, evolution has been defined more specifically as a change in the frequency of alleles in a population from one generation to the next.''

'' The theory of "devolution" or backward evolution is the proposition that a species may evolve into

less primitive forms after having “evolved” over millions of years into a higher form. The Theory of

evolution as a forward progression and devolution as a regression is a reflection of the 19th century

ideas of Lamarckism and orthogenesis. Scientifically, devolution does not exist. More recently the

genetically-based biological evolution theory proposes that evolution occurs by mechanisms such as

natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation, and is therefore not directional, forward or backward

in time; and consequently "devolution" cannot a valid concept.''-

Involution, Evolution and Conscious Creation by Author Suzanne Tabor

The paleontologists declared that ''a mass-extinction took place between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic.''

The extinction was triggered by the volcanism, oxygen deficiency, salinity oscillation, temperature rise and fall, marine acidity and pollution constituting a ‘‘gigantic ‘catastrophe group’, which led finally to a great event, mass-extinction.''The extinction depends on the evolution, adaptability, feeding habit and the mode of reproduction, as a research group noted in Yang Zunyi.

''In May 2002, the world’s governments gathered in The Hague, Netherlands, to address the planet’s biodiversity crisis. They declared that by 2010, they would significantly slow the rate of biodiversity loss. But subsequent reviews presented a gloomy outlook.

In 2005, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a $24 million, United Nations–supported research program that focused on past ecosystem changes and made projections about the future, released the results of its first four-year study. Societies, it said, were responsible for the wide­spread crippling of the world’s ecosystems. About 60 percent of global ecosystem services—the goods and benefits people get from biological communities and their environment—had been damaged. The assessment projected that things could get even worse in the next 50 years.

Three years later, the United Nations Environment Programme, with financial support from the European Commission, Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, the Netherlands and Norway, issued an interim report on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity study. The idea for the study grew out of a 2007 meeting of environment ministers from the G8 countries (plus the five major newly industrializing countries) in Potsdam, Germany. TEEB highlighted the cost of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and its impact on human well-being. For example, in clearing forests for fuel or to make room for growing urban areas, grazing cattle or agricultural crops, enormous amounts of “natural capital” were being thrown away. According to TEEB, $2 trillion to $4.5 trillion is lost every year from deforestation alone.

By the time the Convention on Biological Diversity released the Global Biodiversity Outlook 3 in May 2010, it was clear that the brakes had failed. The planet was losing biodiversity at an unprecedented rate. '', Hannah Hoag, a freelance journalist in Montreal noted.

Phenomenal Earth Cracks Appearing Around The World

On 19 Mar 2011, an enormous crack, measuring 100 meters wide and three kilometers long, appeared in the Huacullani district in the Chucuito province, department of Puno. This crack determined Peru's geophysical institute to rule out the occurrence of an earthquake in the area. Another crack in the Earth's crust being located in the Afar region of Ethiopia was open in just a few days in 2005, a study suggested. The crack can be the forerunner to a new ocean. This crack is the surface component of a continental rift forming as the Arabian and African plates drift away from one another. It began to open up in September 2005, when Dabbahu volcano erupted. The magma inside the volcano couldn't reach the surface and erupted as a fountain of lava – instead, it was diverted into the continental rift underground. The magma cooled into a wedge-shaped "dike" that was then uplifted, rupturing the surface and creating a 500-metre-long, 60-metre-deep crack. Similar dikes around 10 kilometers long and 1 meter wide also appeared in Iceland. Some studies show that the formation of dikes can occur in large segments and over much shorter periods than previously thought.  "At some point, if that spreading and rifting continues, then that area will be flooded," says Ken Macdonald, a marine geophysicist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Icelanders were surprised when a large lake began to disappear into a long fissure created by one of last summer's earthquakes on September 2001, Bijal P. Trivedi for National Geographic declared. A geologist noticed a large gash in the landscape about 20 kilometers (13 miles) from Reykjavik.  The fissure having a foot wide and 400 meters (1,280 feet) long led straightly into Lake Kleifarvatn, so this lake has shrunk dramatically. ''Summerhouses that were once mere steps from waterfront are now more than a kilometer away from the water's edge'', Clifton said.  "I couldn't find an earthquake in our database that was big enough to cause such a huge rupture in the surface," said Clifton. Clifton tried to understand the relationship between the movement of faults deep within Earth and their surface effects in the area. A giant, deep and narrow crack was open in the ground of Seagi Gulistan, Pakistan on 7 March 2011. A large crack also appeared after a strange earthquake in Menominee Township of Michigan, US, but no one really knows why such a massive crack appeared thinking that there is no fault line in that zone. A crack over two kilometers long and up to a meter deep has been discovered on the Baltic island of Hiddensee on Jan 2012. Large zones of the German island’s coastline have been blocked off amid fears of a big landslide. Authorities from the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area national park have warned that the fracture line has been widening, with smaller cracks developing off the main fault measuring up to 10 centimeters wide. “We are preparing for a catastrophe,” park official Frank Martitz told the Bild daily. The island measuring 3.7 kilometers at its widest point and 205 meters at its narrowest point is a destination for tourists.

There were two gigantic earth changing events in Mexico in two weeks .A huge crack was open in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato. Land sank in Venustiano Carranza.Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato and Venustiano Carranza fall in a right line from one another on the map. Similar cracks have formed recently in 2012 in Spain, Peru, and other areas around the world. On July 1, 2012, a huge crack was open in the earth between La Grulla and La Joya. The earth crack is around 13 ft. (4 m) wide, 196 ft. (60 m) deep, and 9 miles (15 km) long. Another hole was open to one side of the crack being so deep that the bottom could not be seen. The communities of Jamaica, Fátima, The Crane and The Jewel had to be isolated. Louisiana sinkhole also grows. (September, 2012)

Drastic fluctuations in ice accumulations were reported at both poles on September, 2012. Coalition chairman, Hon Barry Brill, said the most important aspect is the extent exceeds the usual Antarctica averages. “The sea ice cover yesterday was 311,000 square kilometers above the 1979-2012 average. The surplus ice is more than twice the area of New Zealand.” he said. “Over the 33-year period aggregate global sea ice volumes have remained steady, but there are fluctuations between the two polar areas from year to year. The fluctuations are the result of ocean currents and wind patterns, rather than temperatures. Antarctic ice is much more important than that of the Arctic. The area of its sea ice is a million square kilometers larger than the highest value ever recorded in the Arctic. Then, of course, the Antarctic is an entire continent, with more than 90% of the earth’s glacial ice,” Mr. Brill also declared. '' The cap of the Antarctic is increasing in thickness in most places, except around the Antarctic Peninsula. Sea ice extent is largely a consequence of sea surface temperature, ocean currents and wind,” the chairman concluded. New sea ice is finally starting to form again in the Arctic, scientists reported. Mark Serreze, director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said in a statement ,“While we’ve long known that as the planet warms up, changes would be seen first and be most pronounced in the Arctic,” –MSNBC.

Because of the pressure under Japan’s Mt. Fuji volcano rising, this eruption would be nightmare for Japan people being on Japanese soil at the time the earthquake-tsunami would hit, on September 7, 2012, officials said.

Earth was cracking up under Indian Ocean. On 11 April 2012, as Earth's crust began to break the tectonic plate. Two gigantic earthquakes ripped through the floor of the Indian Ocean triggering large aftershocks on faults of the world and providing the evidence that the Indo-Australian plate is being torn in two parts, Colin Barras wrote in a magazine on 26 September 2012. Twin quakes having the magnitude 8.6 and 8.2 took place off the coast of North Sumatra, geologists declared. These quakes usually occur at the boundary between tectonic plates, where one chunk of Earth's crust slides beneath another. These quakes took place at more than 100 kilometers from the subduction zone. ''Both involved rocks grinding past each other sideways with very little vertical movement - what geologists call strike-slip earthquakes. Yet strike-slip quakes this large had never been reported before.'', geologists also said. Matthias Delescluse at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France, and his colleagues have analyzed quakes in the zone since December 2004, when a magnitude-9.1 quake in a subduction zone near Sumatra triggered a huge tsunami. They concluded that the earthquakes occurring this period were nearly ten times more frequent compared with the previous 8 years, involving rocks, which were pushed and pulled in the same directions. ‘The Indo-Australian plate is breaking up along a new plate boundary'', said the researchers. Although both are on the same plate, Australia is moving faster than India. ''This is causing a broad area in the center of the Indo-Australian plate to buckle. As a result, the plate may be splitting.'' the same researchers declared. “I think it's a fair argument that the 11 April earthquakes may mark the birth of a plate boundary," Lingsen Meng at the University of California, Berkeley, declared.

A huge crack is also open in Antarctica. The Pine Island Glacier's vast crack was pictured via NASA satellite the late last fall. ''With a gargantuan crack slowly splitting it apart, Antarctica's fastest-melting glacier is about to lose a chunk of ice larger than all of New York City, scientists say.''-Richard A. Lovett  at National Geographic News noted on  February 2, 2012 .A Manhattan-size ice island also cracked in two parts. ''Snaking across the floating tongue of the Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica, the crack is expected to create an iceberg 350 square miles (907 square kilometers)''- according to NASA. ''Usually there's nothing extraordinary about a glacier calving,'' declared glaciologist Ted Scambos of the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado.''Glaciers that flow into the sea, like the Pine Island Glacier, go through a normal cycle in which the floating section grows, stresses mount, and an iceberg breaks off, ''Scambos said. ‘But when the pattern deviates, glaciologists take notice. In this case, the crack is forming significantly farther upstream than has previously been the case. That signifies that there are changes in the ice," he declared. The ice will flow into the ocean at a faster rate, determining the sea level to rise. ''As far as sea levels are concerned, changes in the Pine Island Glacier and other West Antarctic glaciers are far more important than shifts among the continent's other glaciers, such as East Antarctica's Mertz Glacier'',  declared oceanographer Doug Martinson of Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.

 Knowing that the oceanic crust is basalt, scientists declared that molten rock had been added to the ridge as the ridge pulled apart at the center. The rock erupting under the sea lava cools in the crack of the splitting ridge. The oceanic crust is made up of long strips of caulking taking on the magnetic polarity of the earth's field. When the floor moves away from the ridges, the striped pattern of magnetic variation ends rather abruptly against the continents .Sometimes, the distribution of earthquakes is deep beneath the margins of the continents. The plates of the oceanic crust are moving down beneath the continental plates. The zone between the ridge and the continental margin is one plate, and the continent is another plate. The magnetic pattern off the coast of Washington suggests that much of the Pacific oceanic crust plunged beneath the North American continent. (Guide to the Geology of Olympic National Park by Rowland W. Tabor, of the USGS)

The earth has three concentric zones: the crust, the mantle and the core. The core can be divided into two regions: a solid inner core and a liquid outer core containing metallic iron .The crust floats upon the mantle in two forms: the continental crust and the oceanic crust.  The thick continental crust has deep buoyant roots that help to support its elevations above.

Near the top of the mantle is a region of partially melted rock called the asthenosphere. The hot magma rises and the cool magma sinks due to differences in density. The layer of the mantle above the asthenosphere and the entire crust form the lithosphere. The lithosphere is broken into plates that “float" upon the asthenosphere being in constant motion. A convergent plate boundary occurs when two plates collide. If this involves two continental plates, the crust is compressed into high mountain ranges such as the Himalayas. If an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide, the oceanic crust is sub ducted under the continental crust and usually results in a deep ocean trench such as the "Mariana Trench" in the Pacific Ocean. The sub ducted crust melts and rises to the surface to form a volcano. A divergent plate boundary occurs when two plates move away from each other. Magma upwelling from the mantle region is forced through the resulting cracks to form a new crust. The mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean is a zone, where new crustal material forms as plates diverge. Volcanoes can also occur at divergent boundaries. The island of Iceland is an example. A third type of plate boundary is the transform boundary occurring when two plates slide past one another triggering earthquake. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a transform plate boundary. An active volcano occurs when magma reaches the earth's surface through a crack or vent in the crust determining the extrusion of lava, the ejection of solid rock, the ejection of ash, and the release of water vapor or gas. Volcanoes occur near plate boundaries, 80 percent at the convergent plate boundaries. The Cascade Range was formed in this way. An earthquake occurs when built up strain in rock mass causes a rupture below the surface of the crust.  Earthquakes generally occur along breaks in the rock mass known as faults. Some 80 percent of all earthquakes occur near convergent plate boundaries. Earthquakes are also often associated with volcanic activity due to the movement of sub-surface magma. When an earthquake occurs under the ocean, it can trigger a destructive tidal wave known as a tsunami. Rocks can be classified into three groups: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks, like granite and basalt, form when magma cools and crystallizes subsurface and on the surface. .Sedimentary rocks are formed by the consolidation of the weathered fragments of pre-existing rocks as a result of erosion and transport by wind, water or ice, followed by sediments. The process of compaction and cementation is known as lithification. Metamorphic rocks are formed when solid igneous or sedimentary rocks change in response to elevated temperature, pressure and chemically active fluids. Marble is a metamorphosed form of limestone. Anthracite is a metamorphic form of coal. Soil formation begins with unconsolidated materials that are the products of weathering.  The weathering process involves the disintegration and decomposition of the rock. (University of California College Prep)

''Scientists claim that Earth is not expanding Since Darwin’s time; scientists have speculated the planet might be expanding or contracting. Even with the acceptance of plate tectonics half a century ago, which explained the large-scale motions of Earth’s outermost shell, the accusations persisted; some Earth and space scientists continued to speculate on Earth’s possible expansion or contraction on various scientific grounds.''-CHILLYMANJARO – SEPTEMBER 30, 2012

My question is- Does the earth crust crack because of losing lava, this missing making earth’s nucleus be smaller than before? The answer is,’’ Magma sometimes rises under enormous pressure, so it not only finds cracks in the earth’s crust, it can also create them.’’